2024年自动驾驶卡车指南报告

FOREWORD Commercialmotorvehicles(CMVs)equipped withAutomated Driving Systems(ADS)offer thepotential to improve safety in long-haul trucking byeliminatinghumanlimitationssuch asfatigue, impairment, anddistracteddriving behavior.By decoupling some freight operationsfromthe limitations ofdriver hours of service (HOS),ADS canimprovedeliverytimes,enhancevalueduringdriver HOS, andincreasetheutilizationofcapital equipment.Additionalbenefitsmay be realizedthatimpactthemanagement of limited resources,such asthecharging andrefueling ofelectric andgreen-fuel heavy vehicles, as well asflexibility toschedule operations toreduce congestionand energy demands. Thisproject was funded by aU.S. Department of TransportationAutomated Driving SystemDemonstration Grantfrom2020-2024and managed by the Federal Motor Carrier SafetyAdministration. The purpose of this project was toprovide the trucking industry with clearguidelines on how to safely implement, integrate, and benefit from ADS-equippedCMVsamongmixedfleets andacrossoperating domains.The project includedtechnical informationcollection, industry outreach, and ADS-CMV operational demonstration,as well asdatacollectionand sharing.This report is intended to serve as acomprehensiveconcept of operationsdescribing ADS characteristics from the viewpoint of trucking fleets, covering eightprimarytopics: –Fleet Specifications–ADS Installation and Maintenance–ADS Inspection Procedures–Test DriverStateMonitoring–Motor Carrier Guide to Insuring ADS-equipped Trucks–ADS Safety Metrics/Variables–ADS Road Assessment System–Data Transfer and Cybersecurity Best Practices NOTICE This project wasperformed by the Virginia Tech Transportation Instituteandorganized by theU.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.TheVirginia Tech Transportation Institute and theU. S. Government do not endorse products ormanufacturers named herein. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report onlybecause they are considered essential to the objective of this report. AUTHORS Krum, A.Mabry, E.Hanowski, R.Stojanovski, O.Manke, A.Adebisi, A.Hammond, R.Hickman, J.Miller, A.Camden, M.Potts, I.Harwood, D.Jin, X.Pugliese, B.Ridgeway, C.Werner, A.Walker, M.Kerns, L.Meissner, K.Parks. L.Argueta, O.Griffor, E.Sarkar, A.Stephens, M.Yang, G.Levin, J.Faulkner, D.Petersen, M.Golusky, M.Tidwell, S.Crowder, T.Bragg, H.Terranova, P.Thapa, S. ABSTRACT The primary goals of theCONOPS project were to: i) collect information and practices on howto safely integrate ADS-equipped CMVs into the U.S. road transportation system; ii) provide theUSDOT with data; iii) demonstrate how to integrate and deploy ADS-equipped trucks in aproductive and cooperative way into the existing road freight ecosystem; and iv) collaborate witha broad and diverse group that includes government entities, university and research institutes,trucking associations, and private partners. This research found that the path forward to maintainpublic acceptance and achieve goals of ADS-equipped CMV operational cost-effectiveness,increased freight productivity, and reduction of crashes is through human operational assuranceof vehicle, automation, freight, and public safety through specification, maintenance, inspections,monitoring, insurance, metrics, roadway assessment, and secure communications, as well ascontinuous lifecycle performance checks. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS.........................................XIIIEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................XIX 1.INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1 2.DEMONSTRATIONS, PUBLIC OUTREACH, AND TECHNOLOGYREFINEMENT.....................................................................................................................5 2.1ROADSHOW–ITS AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING..............................................52.1.1ADS Truck On-road Testing Demonstration....................................................52.1.2Highlights from the Technical Session.............................................................62.2ROADSHOW–TMC ANNUAL MEETING...............................................................62.2.1ADS Truck Ride-and-Drive..............................................................................72.2.2Highlights from the Technical Session...........................................................112.3ROADSHOW–CVSA ANNUAL CONFERENCE...................................................112.3.1Site Visit Activities.........................................................................................122.3.2Roadshow Activities.......................................................................................132.4CONFERENCES AND OUTREACH.........................................................................14 3.OPERATIONAL USE CASES........................